Marriage and family are necessary, as they meet man’s deepest needs. It provides a person an opportunity for a secure and protected satisfaction of his needs for companionship, affection, and sexual expression (Landis 1954). Ruch (1970) rightly says that by mere fact that two people are suited to each other does not guarantee that they will make a successful marriage. They must learn to live together, share, accommodate compromise, adjust and plan together.

Soliga are basically shifting cultivators till today they are practicing hunting fish, honey collection, food gathering and also making Bamboo materials likes lades kukke Bag, tray …etc. We know about the soligas origin and their different clan system.

Training and development of human resource of the business organization has been recognized as a important element for the development of desirable attitude of the employees and management. After selection of the employees, they are placed on the job and they need education and training to perform their jobs effectively. Training is a planned process of teaching and imparting specific skills while development involves intellectual, moral, physical and psychological progress to an individual in personal and their job areas. Training is a organizationally planned efforts to change the attitude and behavior of employees so that they can do their jobs on desirable levels.

Training and development of human resource of the business organization has been recognized as a important element for the development of desirable attitude of the employees and management. After selection of the employees, they are placed on the job and they need education and training to perform their jobs effectively. Training is a planned process of teaching and imparting specific skills while development involves intellectual, moral, physical and psychological progress to an individual in personal and their job areas. Training is a organizationally planned efforts to change the attitude and behavior of employees so that they can do their jobs on desirable levels.

Students are the decisive force in modern society and they require special attention and understanding. Students are facing many problems that may be of family, social, college, personal and cultural types. Students have tremendous energy but one other truth is there which is the present education system has failed to give a definite direction to the life of the students. The present study has been design to study the student's indiscipline in colleges and the role of stakeholders. Simple random sampling method was used to select the sample college student. It was a case study consist of 60(30 male + 30 female) college students of Sonitpur Districts. Data collection was done with the help of Dr. M. Verma's Youth Problem Inventory. Proper statistical treatment was given in obtain the result.

While ICT continues to advance in western countries, African countries still experience a lag in its implementation, and that continues to digital and knowledge divides. This article provides an insight into the state of educational development in India and the role of ICT in narrowing the knowledge divide. It documents the progress made in educational development, while revealing the challenges faced. The article provides an overview of the historical and economic context, social factors, and the organization of education. While the context is Indian the strategies discussed are applicable to other countries with similar challenges.

The sole aim of the state government after independence was to make every effort to bring about rabid change and development in industries on a stream of line in to state. It was readily possible due to centers planning policy and its effective implementation in our state.1

The highest ideal of the western traditional has been the concern to restructure our societies so that they are more socially just.The most important goal for Buddhism is to awaken and realize one’s true nature, which puts an end to dukkha- especially that associated with the delusion of a separate self. To the Buddhism and Western, Paticcasamuppada, which I will discuss in this article, are not only the foundation but also the highest state.Today it has been come more obvious that we need both: not just because these ideals complement each other, but also because each project needs the other.

English has become a natural means of communication, research, education and teaching and learning it has become a priority for almost everyone. English learning is well equipped with the proper tools to furnish their knowledge of the subject they teach and will be teaching. Among the most significant factors for the importance of English in education is the simple fact that it allows teachers to consult and use high quality textbooks and other related materials. English also provides teachers with opportunities to consult international research in the fields they are involved and also to present their research and work at international platforms. English language competency also allows teachers to access innovative ideas concerning teaching methods and makes it possible for both teachers and students to use advanced methods to improves teaching and learning.

Tirunelveli District situated in the south-eastern extremity of the Indian Peninsula was roughly triangular in shape. The district was surrounded by the gulf of Mannar on the East and south, by the Travancore State on the West and by the 0 0 Ramanathapuram District on the North. It is situated between 8.45 and 9.45 of the 0 0 northern latitude and 77.20 and 78.20 of the eastern longitude. It is 80 kilometers long from North of South and 110 kilometers wide from East to Wear near the Madurai frontier. The world Tiru-Nel-Veli (the sacred paddy hedge) therefore appropriately refers to the paddy fields which surround this district.

The aim of this study was to find out the relationship between leg power and reaction time with long jump performance. To achieve the purpose of the study, the investigator randomly selected 30 long jumpers who participated at inter collegiate level athletic meet, representing different colleges. The selected subjects were measured of their leg power through standing broad jump test and reaction time through reaction time tester and long jump performance following the standard procedure. The collected data on leg power, reaction time were correlated with long jump performance to find out the relationship. The obtained data were further subjected to statistical analysis using Pearson Correlation Coefficient analysis to find out whether leg power and reaction time were significantly related to long jump performance of these athletes.

Career maturity has been defined as the maturity of attitudes and competencies pertaining to decision about career. Career maturity among students may minimize the human resource wastage and ensures right peg into right hole. There are a number of factors that influence career maturity among adolescents. The present study has been designed to ascertain the role of parental support in determining the career maturity among adolescents. Co-efficient of correlation have been worked out to find out the correlation between perceived parental support and career maturity among adolescent students. The results of the study indicate towards parental support as a significant correlate of career maturity of adolescents.

Obesity is a serious, chronic disease that can negatively affect the health of any number of systems in your body. People who are overweight or obese have a much greater risk of developing everything from heart disease and Type 2 diabetes to bone and joint disease. Currently, about 35 percent of women and 31 percent of men are considered seriously overweight, and 15 percent of children between the ages of six and 19 are overweight. Public health officials say the results of physical inactivity and poor diet are catching up to tobacco as a significant threat to health. Body Mass Index (BMI) is commonly used to evaluate whether a person is overweight or obese. Method: Analytical methods was used for this article by reviewing relevant publications, primarily based on the online sports medicine journals available on Internet, Wikipedia, Pub Med, Google Scholar and National Hospitals.

Causes: "Shin splints" is a generic term for shin pain (usually on the inside of the shin) but is correctly termed 'Medial Tibial Stress syndrome or MTTS. It is mostly caused by inflammation of the muscles and their attachments to the shin bone (Tibia) Shin splints may occur when the intensity of working out is increased from normal level, wearing worn-out shoes or by jumping or running on hard ground. Normally has a biomechanical trigger. Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS), tibial periostitis or shin splints is a common injury that affects athletes who engage in running sports or physical activity. This condition is characterized by pain in the lower part of the leg between the knee and the ankle. MTSS injuries are caused by repeated trauma to the connective muscle tissue surrounding the tibia.

The effect of promotional factors (namely Advertising, Personal Selling, Sales Promotion and Public Relation) those factors are main factors for the actions of a firm on socio-economic values for consume the non-durable goods and those promotional factors helps to distinguish the products from the competitors. In this study, aim to how promotional factors are effect the consumer’s socio-economic values.

The socio-economic, cultural and scientific advancement of any country depends largely upon the quality of the people. The quality of the people in turn depends on the quality of the educational system prevalent in the country. It is only through the educational process that what has been achieved by the previous generation is passed on to the next generation. Thus all nations, attempt to impart quality education and today when there is explosion of knowledge information, it is a challenge for us that education should be of highest quality and standard. Education acts as a catalytic agent to bring social change. Alarge group of women of India is still residing in the rural and unorganized sector. Majority of Indian women are still confined to the boundary of four walls of the house and are in a socially disadvantageous position. Due to liberalization, privatization and globalization, Indian economy is moving at a very fast pace. Education must be provided to all without discrimination of caste, creed, colour and gender discrimination. Gender discrimination is the major barrier and main constraint in providing equal status to the women in the field of higher education. The time has come that the male dominated society of our country should start realising the potential of women fully so that she can make her valuable contribution to the society to which can be achieved only through restructuring of higher educational programmes especially for women.

“In today’s competitive world, striving for change amidst pressures of Soft skill and Technological Development, HR Managers and Trainers need to acquire a considerable amount of Training Skills in Training need assessment, designing and choosing effective methods and management of Training is increasingly being recognized as providing the necessary input to create competitive edge for all sectors of our economy mainly for Industry, Agriculture, Health Services and education” - Dr. B. Rathan Reddy (Hyderabad)

The information age has opened powerful new business and social development opportunities throughout the world. The core requirement to realize these opportunities is to provide an environment that allows for the free access of information. Information Technology is changing the way the society functions. Internet is the biggest revolution in human society. The impact of ITcan be felt in all economic and social activities in every conceivable manner. The convergence of all forms of communications on the digital play field is opening immense new possibilities of achieving speed, versatility and space-time independence. This paper discusses the paradigm shift in the governance of the citizen. Governments and public sector organizations around the world are facing to reform their public administration organizations and deliver more efficient and cost effective services, as well as better information and knowledge to their stakeholders. E-governance is the effective use of Information & Communication Technology (ICT) to improve the system of governance that is in place, and thus provide better services to the Citizens. E-Governance is considered as a high priority agenda in India which is emphasized by the Hon'ble Prime Minister Sh. Narendra Modi also. It is considered to be the only mean to harness the power of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to make the business inexpensive, qualitatively responsive, and truly encompassing.

Development is multi-dimensional phenomenon, some of the major indicators of development includes the level of economic growth, level of income, health service, degree of modernization, status of women, level of nutrition, quality of housing distribution of natural resources, services access to communication and other goods and services (Seers 1969).

This paper analyzes the trends in financing and investing activities of companies in India in the recent past. While looking at the available trends, we have also tried to give a broad outlook for these in the near future. The first part deals with the financing options available to Indian companies. In the banking field, there has been an unprecedented growth and diversification of banking industry has been so tupendous that it has no parallel in the annals of banking anywhere in the world.The banking industry has experienced a series of significant transformations in the last few decades. Among the most important of them is the change in the type of organizations that dominate the landscape. Since the eighties, banks have increased the scope and scale of their activities and several banks have become very large institutions with a presence in multiple regions of the country.' The paper examines the new trends in commercial banking.

The concept of food security has become diversified over the years. Based on access dimension of food security, this paper makes an assessment of the level of food security among surveyed households. The indicator used is per capita per day calorie intake (PCCI), as used by Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). The study is based on primary data collected from three Community Development Blocks of Rural Kamrup District of Assam. The study has found that 51.70 percent sampled households as a whole are food insecure

Workplace stress is the harmful physical and emotional response that occurs when there is a poor match between job demands and the capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker. These conditions may lead to poor work performance. Job stress is also associated with various biological reactions that may lead ultimately to compromised health, such as cardiovascular disease. Stress is a prevalent and costly problem in today’s workplace. Reducing stress in our everyday life is vital for maintaining our overall health, as it can improve our mood, boost immune function, promote longevity and allow us to be more productive.This study tries to measure the level of stress among the employees of Primary and District Cooperative banks in Kerala.

Ramasawmy Venkataraman, the eighth elected President of the Indian Republic, was the fourth Vice-president of India (1984 to 1987) under President Giani Zail Singh (15, July 1982 to 25 July 1987). He succeeded as the President of India after expiry of the term of office during 25 the July 1987 to 25 July 1992. Born in family of a lawyer he too attained a law degree and by his own individual merits and talents he attained the position of the President of India. Though he started his service as a lawyer from 1935 in Madras High Court from 1951 he registered himself as a lawyer in the Supreme Court of India.

This article explores the role of Information Communication Technology in agricultural sector in India and transforming the country through increased growth and sustainable production of agricultural products. Large number of projects stuck as pilots only and very few continuously innovated, replicated and sustained over the years. However, the variety of Information Communication Technology initiatives are also added lot of lessons to take future course of action. With the available practical lessons, it is time to move forward in integrating Information Communication Technology s and Information and Communication Management (ICM) in agricultural If the agriculture sector performs well then only we can think of India marching ahead towards becoming developed nation due to economical autonomy.

This paper reports the result of research intending to analyze journalists’ perceptions of the quality of information management (IM) in newspaper libraries in Bangladesh. The objective of this study was to identify the factors that affect quality information management (QIM) in newspaper libraries. The role of newspaper libraries in production of news and importance of establishing QIM in newspaper libraries are also emphasized.

Human Response to natural hazards and disasters has always been a subject of intense investigation and study. Historically earthquakes are supposed to be one of the major natural hazards that have caused devastation in terms of high number of human lives, wide spread building and infrastructure failures and sufferings, as remains of an earthquake. This study aims to analyze temporal evolution of seismic activity during the period 1963-2013 in Koyana Region of Patan Tahsil, Maharashtra. The seismicity analysis carried out here is based on reliable compilation of earthquake data obtained from Seismological Dept. Koyana dam, Koyananagar, Patan Tahsil Maharashtra

This study will attempt to determine the impact of service quality is main factor for the success of a bank on customer satisfaction to acquire life insurance and maintain that continuously at long-time. Service Quality helps to distinguish the banking performance from the competitors. In this study, aim to how HDFC Life Insurance, Madurai maintain the service quality and keep goodwill image are impact on customer satisfaction.

Graphene, a two-dimensional, single-layered sheet of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms. Graphene has mechanical, thermal, electrochemical and electronic properties these exceptional properties have opened up new opportunities for the application of this nanomaterial in the future. This review article aims to present an overview of the new research in applications of grapheme.

Graphene, a two-dimensional, single-layered sheet of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms. Graphene has mechanical, thermal, electrochemical and electronic properties these exceptional properties have opened up new opportunities for the application of this nanomaterial in the future. This review article aims to present an overview of the new research in applications of grapheme.

Graphene, a two-dimensional, single-layered sheet of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms. Graphene has mechanical, thermal, electrochemical and electronic properties these exceptional properties have opened up new opportunities for the application of this nanomaterial in the future. This review article aims to present an overview of the new research in applications of grapheme.

The quality of human resource is most essential for an organization to its growth. The importance of training and development programs can only be cherished with a clear comprehend of its direct effect on employee productivity. An enhancement in employee productivity also leads to the organization’s performance. Training and development programs are most important to every organization for improving their productivity in their organization in gradual way. This paper aims to study the training and development programs in the organization through employee’s demographic variables and assess to analyze the relationship between training and development programs and employee productivity. The design and carry out of this paper represents the progressions and the trained employee’s.

Today many new companies are coming in to existence and because of these the competition is also growing rapidly. Because of this reason they have to compete with their competitors’ constantly. In some industries the new companies may not come in to existence but the competition between the existing companies is growing more and more. The soft drink industry is mainly suffering with this particular problem. The Companies have to continuously compete with their competitors to get good, market share and good profits. To face their competitors they have to know their position and the competitor’s position in the market. For this, the company’s will compare itself with their competitor that means they will do the comparative analysis in all aspects.

Incarnations (avataras) are manifested forms of god assumed for some specific purposes. After the completion of the mission of his life He returns to his original self. The oldest reference of avataravad is found in Satapatha Brahman. The names of incarnations vary with descriptions of different texts and their number. Later on this list became stereotyped to ten. The avatara images started being made in Kushana period and reached to its climax in pre medieval period. The depiction of several dasavatara images by the artisans, on the lintels, doorways of various temples establishes the popularity of the concept of incarnations in ancient Indian art.

Vermibeds were prepared in 1:1 ratio. The composting potential of two epigeic worms Eudrilus eugeniae and Eisenia fetida were inoculated into the Couroupita guianensis vermibed separately. The reproductive potential and nutrient status were estimated by both species produced vermicompost. The results of the present study reveals that the C.guianensis with cured cowdung can be used for converting into value added vermicompost by utilizing the both epigeic earthworms

The term ‘rule of law’is derived from the French maxim “La Principe de Legalite” which means the principles of legality which refers to a government based on principles of law and not of men. In this sense the concept of rule of law is opposed to arbitrary powers. It is a state of affairs in which there are legal barriers to government arbitrariness and there are available legal safeguards for the protection of the individuals

In recent times, the knowledge revolution and across the globe it is making rapid strides in every walk of human life, every kind of industry or commerce management every type of organization. Just like the shift from a hunting society to an agricultural society, then to industrial society and further to posindustrial society and so on, the present shift is to a knowledge society. The allpervasive knowledge revolution could also be observed as a sequel to the agrarian revolution, industrial revolution or such others of the past. In fact, the rapid advances in the field of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) called ICT revolution, along with the knowledge revolution; both being mutually interrelated and interdependent, have brought about a paradigm shift in the way in which business processes are being carried out, organizations are being managed, and governance of the state is being done.

The Tax - GDPratio is a significant feature of any country’s Tax system and thus governments make constant efforts to advance them. In the case of India, the ongoing process of development and liberalization has made major contribution to its Tax potential but still, a lot more needs to be done to make it comparable with other countries of the world. The paper seeks to attempt the comprehensive study of Tax-GDPratio in India from 1990-91 onwards.

Measuring the financial health of a firm has become vital and coming up need in the context of emerging hectic competition at almost every sector of the business. The financial health of a firm is assessed through various financial parameters and they are closely associated with each other. As for as ratios are concerned, there are many number of ratios are available to analyze and predict the financial soundness of a firm, since single ratio does not convey much of the sense. Altman combined a number of accounting ratios to form an index of profitability, which is regarded as an effective indication of corporate performance in predicting financial health of a firm. In this view, this paper has made an attempt to analyze and predict the financial health of Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited by way of applying Altman’s Z – score

A mobile phone service is one of the most vital roles of all the infrastructure services today. The total number of telephones sets role from just 22.8 million in 1999, to 102 million in may 2007. The cellular telephone services have achieved great commercial success because users reorganize that mobile telephone access can improve productivity and enhance safety. The various sections of the society like the government employees, students, entrepreneurs, professional, private employees and workers using mobile phones. They need variety of services to communicate each other. Offering services to consumers need different types, models, size and technological instruments. The customers are the king and what they demand, shall have it. The force driving behind is the innovative technology and efficient product in the market. In, a country like India is respected for its immense market potential. There has been a higher competition with customer’s perception. Overnight Indian consumers have several alternatives for giving and getting back various information. Government has liberal regulations for developing electronically

Nowadays many religionists like to claim that all religions give equal rights to women as equal to men. We only have to look at the world around us today to see the position of women in many societies. It seems that they have no property rights and Socialization, Christian religion, Hinduism, Buddhism, women, social stratification, spiritual phenomena, S?la and God are discriminated against in various fields and generally suffer abuse in many subtle forms. Even in western countries, women like the Suffragettes had to fight very hard for their rights. According to Buddhism, it is not justifiable to regard women as inferior. Buddhism is a realistic religion. Both men and women are required for life. One cannot live without the other. In an era when women were mere chattels and slaves, the Buddha, with his infinite compassion, gave them their rightful place. Women freedom helps them to move and associate with men. There was never any segregation of his devotes based on gender.

The outstanding characteristics of Buddhism are the fundamental features of Buddhism to understand clearly what Buddhism is. There is no secret doctrine in Buddhism. Everything Buddha taught is open to the public for investigation or for understanding. Buddhism allows not only freedom of thought but also tolerance. Buddhism is self-reliance and self-responsibility without relying on any other. There is no caste system and distinction in enlightenment between men and women in Buddhism.

Rumen fluid samples of adult Indian cattle (Bos indicus) were collected and observed to study the morphology of rumen ciliate protozoa belonging to genus Entodinium. The present paper deals with the morpholosy of species Entodinium caudatum forma caudatum (Stein,1859), from the rumen of Indian cattle. The body measurements, frequency distribution and variations in the characters are recorded. Critical comments are made on it’s special identity. During the present study some of the specimens belonging to Entodinium caudatum f. caudatum showed remarkable variations in the body characters particularly in the size, shape and position of macronucleus and shape of the body. Such as club shaped macronucleus, broad anterior end nearly triangular in side view, general body shape varied from large oral to small elongated shape.

There are many sports which have recently become adaptable for individual who are confined to wheelchairs. Individuals who are quadriplegic and paraplegic can continue to participate in sports, win championship and even take home Olympic medals. Wheelchair games have progressed beyond anyone's expectations, particularly in the recent years and very nearly all games have ended up versatile to wheelchairs, the absolute most prominent wheelchair games and some not some well known. Ten male Wheelchair Basketball players and Lawn Tennis Players from Paraplegic Rehabilitation Centre, Pune, have selected for the study. ‘t’ ratio has been computed to examine the significance difference. Vital Capacity, Body Mass Index (BMI), and Heart Rate, have been selected for the Physiological Variables. No significance difference found between & vital capacity (579.00 ± 90.00 vs 576.00 ± 60.00) and Heart rate before the game ( 70.00 ± 14.00 vs 66.90 ± 16.00), & Heart rate after the game ( 83.50 ± 24 vs 83.40 ± 19.00) of Wheelchair Basketball and Lawn Tennis Players, there were significant difference was found in Body Mass Index (BMI) ( 25.51 ± 7.67 vs 28.78 ± 7.12) of Wheelchair Basketball and Lawn Tennis Players. BMI was found higher of wheelchair Lawn Tennis player when compare with the Wheelchair Basketball Players.

Inflation is nothing but the persistent rise in the general price level of the country. Keynes explained that inflation arises when there is occurs an inflationary gap in the economy which comes to exist when aggregate demand exceeds aggregate supply at full employment level of output. But in recently all the economies of the world, underdeveloped as well as developed suffer from inflation and it is also not consistence with Keynes approach since majority of these underdeveloped countries are operating at underemployment level. The pressure and cause of inflation may differ from country to country.

The Non-Aligned Movement is passing through a critical period in its life. It finds itself today at the crossroads, and seems unable to comprehend the path it has to take. It is trying to find its identity, reorient its perceptions and endeavoring to determine the role it has to play in the changed context of international politics. This has resulted in a heated debate about the validity and relevance of NAM as a foreign policy in this post-Cold War “Unipolar” world. In march 1947 Nehru said, “for too long, we of Asia have been petitioners in western courts and chancellarie.That story must now belongs to the past. We propose to stand on our own feet…We do not intend to be a Plaything of others.” “India will play its part in helping NAM to regain its moral high ground to adders issues which are of direct concern and relevance to developing countries such as sustainable development ,climate change, food security, energy security, terrorism and reform of the architecture of international Governance.”

The present study was carried out during 2013-2014 to assess the current status of various traditional food grain storage practices followed by farmers in different villages of Nandurbar district of Maharashtra state. The storage practices were found to vary depending upon the climatic conditions and rainfall. In traditional method of storage, farmers are depending on local resources and practices. Observations revealed that a large number of farmers still practice the traditional storage system such as use of natural products like dry neem leaves, wood or cow dung ,ash, smearing of neem oil, turmeric, lime powder and camphor for effective storage. These eco-friendly methods of storage food grains in use since a very long period have withstood the test of time.

The purpose of this study was to examine respiratory indices among male Indigenous game players. The present study was conducted on a sample of forty five (N=45) male Indigenous game players of age ranging from 18-25 years, which includes fifteen each kho-kho, kabaddi and mallakhamb players, who participated in inter-college competitions of Guru Nanak Dev University,Amritsar, India. All the participants were informed about objectives and methodology of the study and they agreed to participate in this study. Respiratory indices i.e.

he present study was carried out to teacher professional and their career development: a sociological inquiry. Teaching is one of the great altruistic professions. We join it to help others to nurture their talents, to overcome the disadvantage of their backgrounds, and to share with them our joyful love of learning. We grow as teachers as we become more successful at helping our students and yet the recognised career pathways in our profession take us, in general, further away from the reason we joined in the first place. Professional ethics for the teaching profession We are one profession of teachers and leaders in early childhood education and in primary and secondary schools.our responsibility to act in accordance with these values and principles. their understanding of the practice and its impact on their attitude to teaching. The paper argues that a focus on pedagogy was significant in enhancing these early career teachers' professional accomplishment, as well as maintaining their enthusiasm in the early years of teaching with implications for retaining quality teachers in the profession. Teacher professional development is essential to efforts to improve our schools. It first provides an overview of what we have learned as a field, about effective professional development programs and their impact on teacher learning.

This article has mainly examined the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and their role in Unifying India :A Critical Veiw. Vallabh Bhai Patel had known to be social leader of India who played a major role in the country's struggle for independence and guided its integration into a united, independent nation. Patel Role in Integrating Indian States The states included Saurastra (including Junagadh) Hyderabad, Travancore, Cochin, Kashmir and other small states. Sardar’s role in each of these states was vital. Sardar Patel handled effectively the integration of the princely states with his diplomatic skills and foresightedness. The problem of amalgamating 562 independent states with a democratic self-governing India was difficult and delicate. He sensed the urgent and imperative need of the integration of princely states. He followed an iron handed policy.

Security –Insecurity are two factors which to a great extent determine the personality of adolescents. Security is a highly valued goal, which may be difficult to reach because of different threats and risks in personal lives and in near and global environments. The present paper investigated the impact of employment status of mother(working and non-working), family structure (nuclear and joint families) and local(rural and urban) on the feeling of security-insecurity among adolescent girls. The sample consisted of 100 adolescent girls (50 adolescent girls from urban area & 50 Adolescent girls from rural area) All of them were selected from 10 private and government schools of Sonipat district (Haryana). The technique of sampling employed was stratified random sampling. Shah Security-Insecurity Scale Developed by Dr. Beena Shah was used to collect the data. The results revealed that adolescents of working and non-working mothers as well as belonging to joint and nuclear families differ significantly on security insecurity feeling. However the study did not find any significant difference among adolescent girls of rural and urban areas in regard to security insecurity feeling.

The Forests, Wildlife Sanctuaries, National parks, Seascapes covering long coast line with many unique coastal formations like mangroves, coastal sand dunes, back waters close to the hamlets of the forest and coastal dwelling communities offer immense scope for developing eco-tourism ventures. In late 1970s, the scenic beauty of Pichavaram mangroves has attracted movie makers to shoot their films in the shallow waterways. Through the movies, Pichavaram has become a tourist place. With the advent of tourist flow, the Tamilnadu Tourism Development Corporation (TTDC) has also announced this place as a tourist spot and listed it in state’s tourist map from 1985 onwards. TTDC is maintaining cottages, dormitory and restaurant for tourists. About 500-1000 tourists visit Pichavaram every day.The present study focuses on pichavaramandmuthupet swamps to understand the theoretical concept, infrastructure and the economic status of local people.

The term feminine consciousness focuses on the awareness of women that they belong to a subordinate group and that, as members of such a group, they have suffered wrongs, the recognition that their condition of subordination is not natural, but socially determined, the development of a sense of sisterhood, the autonomous definition by women of their goals and strategies for changing their condition, and the development of an alternate vision of the future. Anita Nair’s postcolonial novel Mistress narrates the fascinating tale of a woman’s desire. Of all the contemporary Indian English novelists, Anita Nair is perhaps, the most perceptive explorer of women’s world, especially that of Indian women, convulsed by an acute sense of helplessness. The paper tries to focus how Anita Nair projects Indian feminism and attitude through women characters in her novel Mistress.

“If you educate a man you educate an individual, however, if you educate a woman you educate a whole family. Women empowered means mother India empowered”.

Motivation is one of the most frequently researched topics in OB. One reason for its popularity is revealed in a recent Gallup Poll, which found that a majority of U.S. employees-55 percent to be exact have no enthusiasm for their work. Clearly, this suggests a problem, at least in the United States. The good news is that all this research provides us with considerable insights into how to improve motivation.

Most of us are aware that employee stress is an increasing problem in organizations. Friends tell us they’re stressed out from greater workloads and having to work longer hours because of downsizing at their company. Parents talk about the lack of job stability in today’s world and reminisce about a time when a job with a large company implied lifetime security. We read surveys in which employees complain about the stress created in trying to balance work and family responsibilities. We’ll look at the causes and consequences of stress, and then consider what individuals and organizations can do to reduce it. Stress is a dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity, demand, or resource related to what the individual desires and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important. This is a complicated definition.

Understanding the topic, the gist, or the larger conceptual framework of a textbook chapter, an article, a paragraph, a sentence or a passage is a sophisticated reading task. Being able to draw conclusions, evaluate and critically interpret articles or chapters is important for overall comprehension in college reading. Textbook chapters, articles, paragraphs, sentences, or passages all have topics and main ideas.

Buyer behavior is the study of individuals, group, or select, secure, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs, and the impacts that these process have on the consumer and society. Buyer behavior is widely understood as a problem solving and decision making sequence, the outcome of which is determined by the buyer goal directed processing of information. The aim of this paper is to show that to identify reasons for buying laptop, factors influencing for buying laptop, and decision making for product attributes factors in this factors motivated based on Buyer behaviour in Dindigul district general people. The sample included 150 of general people based on laptop buyers. The collected data were coded, calculated and analyzed with the help of statistical tools like t-test, ANOVA, Regression analysis. The result shows that there is no significant difference between products attributes with gender and Occupation, and Buyer behaviour factors contributed in reasons for buying laptop, Influencing factors, and product attributes.

EMPOWERMENT is a multi-dimensional concept and relates to the social attainment, economical participation and political participation of people. Further, empowerment being ongoing process, there is no final goal. One does not arrive at a stage of being empowered in some absolute sense. The 73rd Amendment to our constitution in 1993 was a major milestone in this direction. The amendment, besides making provision for reservation of seats for scheduled castes and tribes proportionate to their population in the panchayat area, also ensured reservation of not less than one third of these reserved seats for the women. The impact of reserving one third of seats for women in the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) has been fruitful, and has empowered women both politically and socially.

It is simple presumption that the witness who has came to give evidence, he will give his evidence in favour of the same party which has brought to him. If that witness gives his evidence against it then that party, will have full right after declaring that witness hostile cross examine to him. Such a witness is called adverse unfavorable or hostile the party inviting such a witness is neither bound by the statement made by such a witness nor any part of the statement made by such a witness does not become an acceptance by that party. The cross examination of any witness by the penal authority is not definitely that the penal authority considers him a true witness. Nor the permission by the court to cross examine that his evidence is futile and unreliable. The evidence of a hostile witness in a case is evidence to that very extent and in that very manner just as that of other witness.

In developing countries, economic development necessarily implies improvement in agricultural economy. Agriculture has changed worldwide dramatically and particularly in India in recent times mainly due to technological innovation, use of chemical, fertilizers and specialization. The first and foremost problem in India is the raising of agricultural productivity. This depends on various factors like physical, material, institutional and technological. The role of agricultural marketing in this sphere is more crucial. Marketing helps in reducing the changes for marketing services by eliminating the middlemen and to have the minimum difference between the buying and selling prices

The government of Andhra Pradesh has said to be a role model in initiating Self-Help Group programme more effectively when compared to other states in India. In this background there is a need to study the evolution and progress of SHGs in Andhra Pradesh where the programme initiated two decades ago. In the present study, an attempt is made to examine the evolution, structure and progress of SHGs in Andhra Pradesh. The study reveals that Andhra Pradesh occupied more than half of the share in Southern Region in both the cases of amount of loan disbursed and an amount of loan outstanding. Further, it is observed that Andhra Pradesh occupied one-third share in number of SHGs and more than 40 per cent share in amount of loan disbursed and loan outstanding in India.

Objective: The purpose of the study was comparison of physical fitness between schedule tribe boys and non schedule tribe boys. Method: For the purpose of study the subjects were one hundred twenty (120), sixty (60) scheduled tribe and sixty (60) non-scheduled tribe school boys from St.Michael’s public school, Itki road, Ranchi, Jharkhand, between the age group of 12 to 16 years were selected. The researcher had been selected the following physical fitness variables for the present study: i.e. Abdominal Muscular endurance (No. of sit-ups in one min.), Flexibility (sit and reach test), Explosive strength (standing broad jump), Speed (50 yard dash), Upper arm strength (medicine ball through). The data was analyzed by applying independent t-test.

Rural Marketing is a developing concept, and as a part of any economy has untapped potential; marketers have realized the opportunity recently. Rural markets offer a great scope for a concentrated marketing effort because of the recent increase in the rural incomes and the likelihood that such incomes will increase faster because of better production and higher prices for agricultural commodities.

India is one of the fastest growing retail markets in the world with 1.2 billion people and 12 million billion people. It accounts for 14% - 15% of GDP. It is the second largest employment generating industry. About 8% population in India is engaged in retailing. Introduction of new technology, growing use of internet and globalization has created many challenges and opportunities before Indian retail Industry. The present paper is an attempt to overview Indian retailing industry and to study the issues and challenges before retail marketing.

Morality is very important for human being. Lay people they preserve the morality. Human beings, in different stages of moral and spiritual development, are general compared to lotuses growing in a pond. The scent of flowers cannot go against the wind; nor the scent of sandalwood, nor of rhododendron (tagara), nor of jasmine (mallika); only the reputation of good people can go against the wind. The reputation of the virtuous ones (sappurisa) is wafted abroad in all directions. There are the scents of sandalwood, rhododendron, lotus and jasmine (vassika); but the scent of virtue surpasses all scents. The scents of rhododendron and of sandalwood are very faint; but the scent (reputation) of the virtuous is the strongest; it spreads even to the bodies of the devas (Deity).

Humans are the subjects of an extensive commentarial literature that examines the nature and qualities of a human being from the point of view of humans' ability to achieve enlightenment (Nibbâna). In Theravada Buddhism, humans are just one kind of sentient being in 31 realms. Human beings have greater consideration and reasoning power. They are superior to other living beings since they have the morality, concentration and wisdom to attain enlightenment (Nibbana) as a fully enlightened Buddha, to cultivate their way of life in order to get rid of their worldly sufferings.

The purpose of this study was to study and compare the selected respiratory parameters between inter-college level male individual and team sport athletes. A sample of Sixty (N=60) male athletes, which includes thirty each individual and team sport athletes of age ranging from 18 to 25 years, who actually participated in inter–college competitions of Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, was selected. All the participants were informed about aim and methodology of the study and they agreed to participate in this study. The study was conducted on selected respiratory parameters i.e. vital capacity, expiratory reserve volume and inspiratory reserve volume. Independent sample student t test was applied to find out the significance of differences with regard to selected respiratory parameters between individual and team sport athletes. The alpha level was set at 0.05.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was a social revolutionary, a constitutional expert, and a charismatic political leader of the downtrodden masses. He was deeply committed to the socio-economic uplift of vast millions of Indians. In a public life spread over many decades, Ambedkar, with his insight into the problems of the Indian society, put forth his views in a frank and fearless manner.

Farming of medicinal plants particularly elevated worth medicinal plants is creating innovative aspect in the field of Agriculture. It is estimated that 70% to 80% of the people worldwide rely chiefly on traditional health care system and largely on herbal medicines. India has an officially recorded list of 45,000 plant species and various estimations have put the list of 7500 species of medicinal importance. In such a way, the present study was carried out to explore the medicinal plant cultivators in Sivagangai District of Tamilnadu. The proportionate random sampling technique has been adopted to select 50 medicinal plant farmers from 5 villages of Sivagangai district. Secondary data and information are collected from the annual reports of the department of agriculture, Tamilnadu, books, journals and websites. Percentage analysis, averages, ranking method, standard deviation and chi- square tests were used for the analysis.

The business organizations are attaching great importance to human resource because human resources are the biggest source of competitive advantage and have the capability of converting all the other resources in to product/service. The effective performance of this human resource depends on the type of HRD climate that prevails in the organization, if it is good than the employee’s performance will be high but if it is average or poor then the performance will be low. The study of HRD climate is very important for all the organization and the banking sector is not an exception, especially in the present situation of financial recession. The present study is an attempt to find out the type of HRD climate that is prevailing in public sector banks in Puducherry.

This paper will study Theravada Buddhist Meditation and the different types of methods which lead to liberation, Nibbana. The objective is to explore to the how Buddhist meditation leads to spiritual liberation and how meditative experience assists in understanding the meaning of Nibbana. The heart of Buddhist doctrines is that practical experience is more important than theoretical and intellectual appreciation. This paper will mainly investigate the following statements. First this study will discuss the concept of spiritual liberation and the primary objective of meditation .Secondly it will explore the methods of Theravada Buddhist meditation and the progress of insight. Lastly, it will analyze how the meditation leads one to realize the absolute peace of Nibbana.

This paper deals with the the beedi industry in India employers over three million workers mostly consisting of female and children. The increasing number of women in the small business has been a global phenomenon in developed and developing world. Most of the women work at home based unorganized sectors and become invisible and are extremely vulnerable to exploitation. The beedi industry is the one of the biggest among the unorganized sectors spread all over India, employing a large number of women and girls helping the owner to make huge projects at low cost, risk and liabilities. Astudy was conducted to portray the health problems of women beedi workers. Asample of 60 workers was selected by using systematic random sampling from the universe of 200 in Bhagalamedu village in Vellor District. A structured interview schedule was used to elicit the necessary data. The study was descriptive in nature. The major findings and suggestions were given in the present study.

Volley ball is sport with many complex demands that require a combination of physical fitness, skills, team tactics, strategies and motivation aspects. The key area that is likely is play an important role in volleyball players successes are muscular strength and explosive power of legs, Fitness and body size. Volleyball is a recreational game has present developed into highly competitive game, which requires a high level of fitness, skill efficiency good physique etc

Maharashtra Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC) came into existence in 1948 and has been providing services to more than 70 lacks passengers daily during given period of time covering corners of Maharashtra State of India and adjoin states. Kolhapur division is established in the year of 1950. Its jurisdiction is limited to the boundaries of Kolhapur district. It is divided into twelve depots for the purpose of administrative lucidity. Kolhapur division is working with a fleet of 843buses ply over 911 routes reaching entire district every day. Kolhapur division of MSRTC has been facing various problems in its services to survive i.e. low load factor, high bus-staff ratio, high rate of accident and break down. Besides these problems few other problems like that high tax burden, increasing prices of spear parts, competition of private sector and lower satisfaction of passenger are under consideration. These physical and internal problems found affected on the economic performance of MSRTC in Kolhapur division

With ‘eco-friendly’ becoming a crucial component of corporate business strategies, it is evidentto validate its infiltration to all the stakeholders. Customer being a major stakeholder widely influences the fate of such strategies. Present study endeavors to investigate the “reach and status” of eco-friendly attribute of a productamong customers. Researcher studied the awareness of customers about impact of buying activity of human beingon environment deterioration; Opinion of samples on steps would like to take for minimizing environment deterioration and for being environment friendly, awareness about eco-friendly product. Kind and Brand of eco-friendly products that customer uses as well as aware about. It has observed that, customers are aware about impact of buying activity on environment. Majority are aware about as well as they use eco-friendly products. Yet, majorities are unaware that, the product they presume to be eco-friendly, actually may not.

The purpose of the present study was to compare extrinsic, intrinsic and amotivation of male interuniversity players participating in different sports discipline(Basketball, Handball, Kabaddi, Kho-Kho and Volleyball). 250 male interuniversity players who participated in the selected games were considerdas sample 50 male players were selected from each game considerd in the study. Motivation questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data from the selected players of different games. One-way ANOVA was used as a statistical tool for analysis of data. The result indicate significant difference in intrinsic motivation and amotivation of male players of different sports i.e. Basketball, Handball, Kabaddi, Kho-Kho and Volleyball Players of selected sports did not differ significantly in their extrinsic motivation.Post hoc test for intrinsic and amotivation reveal that Basketball players differ significantly in their intrinsic motivation from Kabaddi , Kho-Kho, Handball and Volleyball players. Posthoc test for amotivation indicates Basketball players differ significantly on amotivation dimension from Handball players Kho-Kho players and Handball players differ significantly from Kho-Kho, and Kabaddi players.

-The effect of microbial consortium consisting Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) cells like Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas and Bacillus were tested separately and in combination on Aloe vera. The combination of above mentioned PGPR strains significantly increased dry rood,wed root and alkaloid content in Aloe vera when compared to the control. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) exhibit direct and indirect mechanisms as plant growth promoters and biological control agents direct mechanism by PGPR, include the provision of bio-available phosphorus for plant uptake, nitrogen fixation for the plant. The results of this study suggest that the PGPR applied in comnation have the potential to increase the plant growth, alkaloid content of Aloe vera.

The present paper intends to focus on the “Involvement and Conflict of the Subaltern Female: Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things”. It has huge significance in the Indian English literature. The novel also deals with female’s precise problems and observations thinly in a hypothetical manner concerning their inert-relationship. Hence, the female characters are Ammu, Mammach, Baby Kochamma and Rahel. These four female question pre-colonial or aboriginal standards, traditions, rules, principles as well as formations related with patriarchy, rank, background and financial status. However, amusingly sufficient, they do not believe to the forces of comprehensive disparity camouflaged like globalization. The female protagonist, Ammu rejects to prostitute her-self to the colorless manager of her male-companion. One more female character, Mammachi also suffers and endangers through anything occurs on the TV. Next female characters, Rahel and Baby Kochamma, exaggerate through globalization, do not believe each modify within the individuality about their parents.

The purpose of this study was to examine respiratory function variables among male basketball players in relation to different playing positions i.e. guards, centers and forwards. The present study was conducted on a sample of sixty (N=60) male basketball players (mean ± SD: age 20.67 ± 1.64 years, height 1.80 ± 5.23 m, weight 72.67 ± 5.03 kg, BMI 22.18 ± 1.62), which includes twenty each guards, centers and forwards, who participated in inter-college competitions of Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India. All the participants were informed about aim and methodology of the study and they volunteered to participate in this study. All the participants were assessed for height, weight and selected respiratory function variables. The height of the subjects was measured with anthropometric rod to the nearest 0.5 cm.

The purpose of the study was to find out the differences in mental toughness between sub-junior national male and female baseball players. For the purpose of the study eighty (40 male and 40 female) Under-14 players were selected from the 59th National School Games tournament held at Police Line Bilaspur (C.G.). The mental toughness was measured by mental toughness questionnaire: MTQ; developed by Dr. Alan Goldberg (2004) which has five subscales namely: Pressure Handling Ability, Rebound ability, Confidence, Concentration and Motivation. The statistical technique employed for analyzing the data were descriptive statistics and‘t’ test using SPSS 17.0 software under windows.

The present research was conducted to study the Mother’s perception regarding T.V viewing of children. The sample comprised of 100 respondents from Gole, Talab Tillo, Jammu. Tool used for the study was self devised interview schedule. Data was collected through personal home visits. Findings revealed that T.V watching was preferred by all the sample children. Children were founded of T.V watching and their most favorite programs were cartoons, sports related programs and reality shows. Majority (92%) of mothers were aware about the programs being watched by their children on T.V but they were not aware about the details of these programs and moreover they did not accompany their children while watching T.V as they were busy in their work and children watch programs on their own. Educational programs like discovery, news and quiz contests have positive impact on children whereas low performance in the academics, unhealthy schedule of eating and other health related problems were the negative impact of T.V as revealed by majority of mothers.

A publish-subscribe (pub-sub) network service is a wide-area communication infrastructure that enables information dissemination across geographically scattered and potentially unlimited number of publishers and subscribers. A wide area pub-sub system is often implemented as a collection of spatially disparate nodes communicating on top of a peer-to-peer overlay network. In such an environment, publishers publish information in the form of events and subscribers have the ability to express their interests in an event or a pattern of events by sending subscription filters to the pub-sub network. The provisioning of basic security mechanisms such as authentication and confidentiality is highly challenging in a content-based publish/subscribe system. Authentication of publishers and subscribers is difficult to achieve due to the loose coupling of publishers and subscribers. Likewise, confidentiality of events and subscriptions conflicts with Content-based routing.

“Administration is a systematic way of doing all activities in any field of human effort. It is about keeping oneself engaged in interactive relationship with other human beings in the course of performing one's duty. Its task is to make people capable of joint performance, to make their weaknesses irrelevant is called serving humanity is serving god” – By Poojya Dr. Sharanbaswappa Appaji.

The present study is on teacher proficiency of teacher educators working in B.Ed colleges. Teacher proficiency refers to one who possess the skill, ability, talent, expertise, competence, mastery, dexterity and aptitude in their profession. The study has been conducted in different districts of Tamil Nadu. The investigator has selected 602 teachers from 62 colleges by adopting cluster sampling technique.

The study was intended to find out the Relationship between M-learning awareness and involvement in mobile technology of the college students in Cuddalore and Villupuram, Districts of Tamil Nadu, India. Random Sampling Technique was used to compose a sample of 1050 college students Mean, Standard Deviation, t value and r value were calculated for the analysis of data. The result revealed that there is significant relationship between M-learning awareness and involvement in mobile technology of the college students.

Academic achievement refers to the performance of the students in various subjects of the curriculum during the whole academic year. It is the amount of knowledge derived for learning in educational institutions. Any behaviour that is learned may come with in the scope of achievement. In ones life academic success is highly valued. Now- a- days competition has become very indispensable to get a place in society. According to Good (1943), “Achievement means accomplishment or performance in given skills or body of knowledge.”

Mobile phone based educational learning system has the basis of Educational Technology Competency Standards for Teachers, tracing by demand of improving teachers’ educational technology and with the focus of making up knowledge and capacity building. Mobil e Learning has become another very important complement to the traditional ways of learning after digital learning. The development of the third generation mobile communication technology 3G provides a more adequate technical basis for mobile learning.